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NAT or Network Address Translation is a key function required in every organisations network.
Since all organisation use RFC 1918 IP addressing, and these IP addresses are not allowed to exist on the internet, before we send packets to the internet we need to translate the internal IP address into a useable public IP address.
There are [...]

In order to have a fully fault tolerant network, a backup solution for WAN links is vital. There are many options for configuring a backup line incase the primary line fails and in this tutorial we are going to look at using floating static routes to achieve a dial-up connection to act as our backup [...]

When configuring ISDN with interesting traffic, it’s important to first understand how Cisco defines ‘interesting’ and what this means in terms of the connection been formed. Interesting traffic is traffic that we define in the form of an access-list that is allowed to cause the ISDN to dial. This does NOT mean it is the [...]

In order for any ISDN lines to establish Layer-1 connectivity the switch-type has to be defined correctly.
The switch-type is very much country dependant so it’s also important to memorize the switch-type that applies to where you do most of your installations.
 
If Layer-1 is showing ‘Deactivated’ when using the show isdn status command, only 3 things [...]

In order for 2 VLANS to be able to communicate, the traffic must be routed. This can be done either by a multi-layer switch which will have routing capabilities, or the packets can be routed by a router.
 
As an example, I have 2 VLANS, VLAN 10 and VLAN 20 which have subnets 10.0.10.0/24 and 10.0.20.0/24 [...]

Although the configuration of both of these functions is incredible easy, the concept behind them is somewhat important.
 
Duplex defines how traffic will be sent and can be related to a 2-way radio vs. A telephone.
With a 2-way radio, more so when there are more than 2 people on the same radio frequency, only 1 person [...]

Two commands which are often confused or misunderstood, are the clock rate and bandwidth commands.
In order to understand clock rate we first need to understand how the cabling works on routers. When connecting two routers together with a serial cable, one of the routers needs to host the DCE (Data Communications Equipment) side of the [...]

It is important to understand that any TCP packet that is routed over a network requires bi-directional support. This means that even though I may have a route on my router to your network, if you don’t have a route back to me, the transmission of packets will fail. TCP uses acknowledgments to confirm the [...]

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is an industry open standard supported by almost every router on the planet.
 
OSPF is a classless routing protocol so subnetmask values are sent in the update and it supports CIDR.
OSPF does not send periodic updates and is designed to only send updates when something has changed or a new route [...]

EIGRP (Enhanced Inter-Gateway Routing Protocol) is one of the fastest most reliable routing protocols available today, but it’s drawback is that it’s a Cisco proprietary protocol which means you either need a network that is running 100% Cisco, or have devices that support EIGRP in your network.
 
EIGRP is a classless routing protocol so subnetmask values [...]