The way that IP addresses have been used and allocated over the years has changed somewhat, however the principles have not changed. In order to better manage IP addresses they were put into classes and each class followed certain rules. In this post we are going to focus on the Class-full address structures, and understand [...]

As the name indicates, and IP address is an address that computer equipment uses to be able to communicate with each other. It is made up of 4 octets (separated by a ‘.’), each of which is 8 bits in size (32 bits in total). If we look at our binary table for 8 bits, [...]

Hex or Hexadecimal, is a 16-base number system with values from 0-9 as well as ABCDEF where A=10, B=11, C=12, D=13, E=14, F=15. Hex is used in many things in IT, most commonly seen in Mac addresses (A unique identity number on every Network Card). It is also seen in certain features such as HSRP [...]

The first thing to get used to on a Cisco device, is how to navigate. When you first connect to the Cisco device, you will see the following Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes/no]: In most cases, using the configuration wizard is not the best idea, so at this point you [...]

The first and most important thing to understand when it comes to networking is binary. Without the fundamental understanding of binary and how it works, it would be very difficult to understand IP addresses, and without an understanding of IP addresses, it’s impossible to understand networking. So what is binary? Binary is a number system [...]